4. Critical accounting judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In the application of the accounting policies, we are required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Our estimates and assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revisions and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

The following are the critical judgments that we have made in the process of applying the accounting policies and the key sources of estimation uncertainty that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements presented elsewhere in this annual report.

Critical judgments in applying accounting policies

IFRS 15 – Revenue recognition Gilead

Our critical judgments were as follows:

Identification of the contract

• Despite our obligation to pay future sales-based royalties to Gilead and a change in the governance structure for the development activities, management judged that all activities are still beneficial for the further development of filgotinib, for which Gilead still owns the ex-Europe rights. All contract modifications have thus been analyzed following the requirements of IFRS 15 as we concluded that Gilead is still to be considered as a customer. This is also supported by the fact that we concluded that there continues to be only one performance obligation with respect to filgotinib.

Identification of the performance obligation

• The modifications of 2020 and 2021 did not give rise to new performance obligations. There was only a change in scope and price of the existing filgotinib performance obligation, which was only partly satisfied at the time of the modification. It is management’s judgement that the Group A and Group B development activities (see note 2 for more details) still to be performed are interrelated and thus cannot be seen as separate performance obligations. Based on this, the contract modification has been treated on a cumulative catch-up basis under IFRS 15.

Allocation of the total transaction price

• The increased fixed consideration as result of the modifications has been allocated in its entirety to the filgotinib performance obligation. We assessed that the contract modification only changes the scope of the filgotinib performance obligation and the change in both fixed and variable consideration is reflective of the updated stand-alone selling price for the remaining activities of this performance obligation. If we would have concluded that the increased consideration was not, or only partially, related to the filgotinib performance obligation, the consideration would have been potentially allocated to other performance obligations in the contract, which would alter the timing of revenue recognition.
• The denominator used in the calculation of the percentage of completion reflects our best estimate of the total costs to complete the filgotinib performance obligation. These costs were assessed considering management’s best estimate of the design and duration of ongoing and planned clinical trials

Key sources of estimation uncertainty

The following are the key sources of estimation uncertainty that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022.

Costs to complete the filgotinib performance obligation

The denominator used in the calculation of the percentage of completion reflects our best estimate of the total costs to complete the filgotinib performance obligation (which is composed of the actual costs already incurred at reporting date and our best estimate of the remaining costs to complete the performance obligation). As our estimate of the costs is depending on the evolution of the development activities, it may be subject to change in the future. If the outcome of certain activities would be different from the assumptions that we made, it could lead to a material adjustment to the total estimated costs, resulting in a reallocation of revenue between current and future periods. Revenue recognized for upfront payments and milestone payments in 2022 amounted to €174.4 million. Our total deferred income balance related to this filgotinib performance obligation amounts to €456.4 million on 31 December 2022. At reporting date, had our best estimate of the remaining cost to complete the filgotinib performance obligation been increased by 5%, this would have resulted in a decrease in revenue recognition in 2022 of €15.4 million and a corresponding increase in current and non-current deferred income. Had our best estimate of the remaining cost to complete the filgotinib performance obligation been decreased by 5%, this would have resulted in an increase in revenue recognition in 2022 of €16.0 million and a corresponding decrease in current and non-current deferred income.

Goodwill impairment

Determining whether goodwill is subject to impairment requires an estimate of the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the goodwill has been allocated. The calculation of this recoverable amount includes forecasts of future cash flows of the cash-generating unit (highly dependent upon the probability of success linked to the progress of our clinical programs) and an appropriate discount rate is required to calculate present values, a process which involves estimates. These estimates are constantly monitored, and an impairment test will be performed as soon as there is an impairment indicator and at least annually. The carrying value of goodwill at 31 December 2022 is €69.8 million.

Contingent consideration

The contingent consideration included in the consideration payable for the acquisition of CellPoint was recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. These fair values were mainly based on our best estimate of probabilities of reaching the underlying milestones and by applying an appropriate discount rate. The fair values are reviewed at each reporting date and any changes are reflected in our consolidated income statement. We refer to the specific note on contingent consideration for more details.